Compare The Element

UNSUR KIMIA 

Elements, Symbols and Chemical Formulas of the Elements

The element is defined as a single substance that can not be broken down into more simple substances with ordinary chemical reactions. With the usual chemical reactions carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen can not be deciphered again. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen belong to the element. Elements have element names and symbols to make it easier to write and recognize them.

Thousands of years ago, people believed that matter was composed of elements. Aristotle, who lived 2,400 years ago believed that matter is composed of four elements: earth, fire, water, and air. Ancient Chinese astrology believes in the existence of five elements: earth, fire, water, wood, and metal. All things on earth must be composed of a combination of these elements. But this ends after the discovery of many elements. Until 1800 alone has found 35 elements.

Nomenclature

The naming of elements has long before the atomic theory of a substance, although at that time it was not yet known which is the element, and which is the compound. When atomic theory develops, the names of elements that have been used in the past remain in use. For example, the "cuprum" element in English is known as copper, and in Indonesian it is known as copper. Another example, in German "Wasserstoff" means "hydrogen", and "Sauerstoff" means "oxygen".

The official name of the chemical element is determined by the IUPAC organization. According to IUPAC, the element name does not begin with a capital letter, unless it is at the beginning of a sentence. In the latter half of the 20th century, many laboratories were able to create new elements that had high decay rates for sale or storage. These new element names are also defined by IUPAC, and generally adopt the name chosen by the inventor of the element. This can lead to controversy where the original research group discovered the element, and long-time elemental naming delays (see element naming controversy).

Symbol of the Atom Some Elements

Before chemistry became a field of science, alchemists have established symbols for both metal and other common compounds. They use abbreviations in diagrams or procedures; And without the concept of an atom joining to form a molecule. With the development of substance theory, John Dalton introduced simpler symbols, based on a circle, used to describe molecules.

The currently used system was introduced by Berzelius. In the typographic system, the chemical symbol used is the abbreviation of the Latin name (because Latin is then the language of science); For example Fe is the symbol for the element of ferrum (iron), Cu is the symbol for the element Cuprum (copper), Hg is the symbol for the element hydrargyrum (mercury), and so on.

Chemical symbols are used internationally, although elemental names are interlocuted. The first letter of the chemical symbol is written in capital letters, while the next letter (if any) is written in lowercase.

The element symbol ever made is as follows.

Coat of the Elements According to the Opinions of Chemists in the Middle Ages.

The symbol of the element in the form of symbols of various tools or objects as in the picture symbol of the element below. Apparently the symbol is difficult to understand people. Consider the image of the elemental symbol according to the followers of the following medieval ages.

The Seal of Element According to Opinion John Dalton (1766-1844)

The symbol of the element that is in the form of a circle like the picture symbol of John Dalton element below. The elemental symbols according to Dalton are less practical when used to write compound substances

The Seal of Elements According to Jons Jacob Berzelius's Opinion

The current symbol of the element is as proposed by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1813. The method of writing the element with the provision of the first letter of the element name and written in capital letters. If there are two elements of the same letter front, then the other element besides using the first letter written in capital letters followed by one of the small letters contained in the element name.

Example of the Symbol of Element by Berzelius

Ø  The Carbon element is denoted C

Ø  The element of Calcium is represented Ca

Ø  The element of Clorin is denoted Cl

Ø  The Cobalt element is denoted by Co

Ø  The Nitrogen element is denoted N

Ø  The element of Sodium is symbolized Na

Ø  The Neon element is denoted Ne

Several types of elements along with the symbol according to Berzelius can be seen in the following table:

Chemical Formulas

The chemical formula shows one molecule of an element or a compound. The chemical formula is also called the molecular formula. The chemical formula is classified as follows:

Chemical Formula An Element

In the chemical formula an element is listed the atomic symbol of that element, followed by a number. The element symbol represents the atomic name of the element and the number written downward slightly represents the number of atoms present in one molecule of that element.

Example of Chemical Formulas An Element:

•  O2 means 1 molecule, oxygen gas. In 1 molecule of oxygen gas there are 2 oxygen atoms

• P4 means 1 phosphorus molecule. In 1 molecule of phosphorus there are 4 atoms of phosphorus. Unlike the case with 2 O and 4 P.

• 2 O means 2 separate oxygen atoms and not chemically bound.

• 4 P means 4 separate phosphorus atoms and is not chemically bound