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Examples of Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life 

 

 Way of making dish soap in chemical reactions

 

Soap is one of the oldest known chemical compounds. The soap itself is never actually found, but it comes from the development of a mixture of alkaline and fat / oil compounds. The soap making material consists of two types, namely raw materials and supporting materials. The raw materials in the manufacture of soap are oils or fats and alkaline compounds (bases). Supporting materials in the manufacture of soap are used to increase the quality of soap products, both of useful value and of attractiveness. Supporting materials commonly used in the process of soap making include sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, perfumes, and dyes.

The main function of soap as a washing agent is the nature of the surfactant contained therein. Surfactants are molecules that have polar groups that like water (hydrophilic) and non-polar oil-like (hydrophobic) groups all at once, so as to unify a mixture of oil and water.

TOOLS AND MATERIALS

A. Tools
        1. Centong rice
        2. Basin
        3. Measuring cup

B. Materials
        1. 120 grams of Texapon
        2. 35 grams of NaSO4
        3. 20 mL Camperlan
        4. 10 mL Foam Booster
        5. 20 grams of NaCl
        6.1 grams of EDTA
        7.1 mL of Glycerin
        8. 3 mL perfume
        9. Food coloring agents
        10. 1 L of water

WORK PROCEDURES

1. Insert 120 grams of texapon into the basin.
2. Mixed sodium sulfate as much as 2/3 ingredients.
3. Stir until white.
4. Added 600 mL of water little by little while stirring.
5. Pour 20 mL of grabbed stirring camperlan.
6. Added 200 mL of water.
7. Added remaining sodium sulfate (1/3 material).
8. Added 20 grams of NaCl bit by bit.
9. Incorporated 10 mL foam booster.
10. Dissolved EDTA in 20 mL water, then put in a mixture of materials.
11. Added water remaining.
12. Entered dyes.
13. Mixed glycerin and perfume and then put in a mixture of ingredients.

Material Description

1. Texapon
Texapon is a trade name of the Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) chemical compound. Texapon has a form of gel with a clear color. Texapon is an ingredient that produces foam.
2. Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate or commonly also called sodium sulfate and salt cake merupakam solid water-shaped crystalline white and glycerol. Sodium sulfate is non-toxic and non-flammable.
3. Camperlan
Camperlan is a trade name of Cocoamide diethanol amine. It is a weak base and is hydrophilic as well as hygroscopic (if in pamphlet). The IUPAC name of camperlan is 2,2'-Iminodiethanol.
4. Foam booster
Foam booster is a trade name of cocoa amine. Foam booster colored yellowish viscous liquid. Foam multiply forming of soap.
5. Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride is commonly known as salt. Is an ionic compound with the formula NaCl. NaCl is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and from the extraculicular fluid of many multicept organisms as the main ingredient in this edible salt, commonly used as a food spice and preservative. In the manufacture of liquid soap function as a soap thickener that is still in the form of water.
6. EDTA
EDTA or ethylene acetaminamine tetra acetate is one type of polycarboxylic amine acid. EDTA is actually a sexidentat ligand which can coordinate with a metal ion passing both nitrogen and its four carboxyl groups or called liganmultidentat containing more than two coordination atoms per molecule, for example 1,2-diaminoethanethacacetic acid (acetethenylamine tetraacetate, EDTA) having two atoms Contributing nitrogen and four atomoxigen contributors in the molecule. An EDTA can form a substantial complex of compounds with a large number of metal ions so that EDTA is a non-selective ligand.
 7. Glycerin
Glycerin is a trade name of glycerol. Glycerin is easily soluble in water and can absorb water so it can soften the skin by protecting it from dryness.
 8. Water
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O: one water molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded covalently to one oxygen atom. Water is colorless, tasteless and odorless under standard conditions. Water is often referred to as a universal solvent because water dissolves many chemicals. Water is in dynamic equilibrium between liquid and solid phases under standard pressure and temperature. In the ionic form, water may be described as an associated hydrogen ion (H +) with a hydroxide ion (OH-).

The Process of Making and Functioning of Materials

              In the experiment of making dishwashing liquid soap, the first step is to weigh thetexapon and then put it in the basin. Texapon is the main ingredient for making soap. Texapon in soap serves to form foam and remove impurities.

Sodium sulfate is added as much as 2/3 of the ingredients. The addition of sodium sulphate is intended to help mix the ingredients as well as speed up the solubility of texapon. Sodium sulphate serves to accelerate the removal of impurities and also as a thickener.

The mixture was then stirred to white and then added 600 ml of water gradually. Water is added bit by bit because texapon is a surfactant that has different tip, which is hydrophilic (like water) and hydrophobic (like fat). If water is added at once, there will be difficulty in mixing the material because the hydrophobic texapon tip will be difficult to bind with water. Water serves as a solvent.

After mixing added camperlan while stirring. Camperlan serves as a thickener and foam adder into small bubbles.

The next step is to add 200 mL of water and then put the remaining sodium sulfate. After that added NaCl little by little. NaCl serves to thicken the made soap.

Into the mix also incorporated foam booster and EDTA. Foam booster serves to form small bubbles and multiply the foam formed. The EDTA used before being introduced into the ingredient mixture is first dissolved in water. EDTA serves as a preservative so that the products are made more durable.

The last step is to add dye, glycerin and perfume. Dyes serve to beautify the product made so it looks more interesting. For glycerin and perfume, before adding the ingredients are mixed first and then put into the mixture. Glycerin serves to soften the hands, while the perfume serves to member the aroma of soap to be more fragrant.

The last step is packing. Packaging can be done in two ways, namely packing directly and indirectly. Direct packaging is done after the soap is formed directly inserted into the bottle without waiting for the missing foam. Indirect packaging is done by waiting for the new lost foam inserted into the bottle. Dishwashing soap was washed for one night.

Chemistry happens in the world around you, not just in a lab. Matter interacts to form new products through a process called a chemical reaction or chemical change . Every time you cook or clean, it's chemistry in action . Your body lives and grows thanks to chemical reactions. There are reactions when you take medications, light a match, and take a breath. Here's a look at  chemical reactions in everyday life. It's only a small sampling since you see and experience hundreds of thousands of reactions each day.

1. Photosynthesis Is a Reaction To Make Food

Plants apply a chemical reaction  called photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into food (glucose) and oxygen. It's one of the most common everyday chemical reaction and also one of the most important since this is how plants produce food for themselves and animals and convert carbon dioxide into oxygen.

6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

2. Aerobic Cellular Respiration Is a Reaction With Oxygen

Aerobic cellular respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis in that energy molecules are combined with ​the oxygen we breathe to release energy needed by our cells plus carbon dioxide and water. Energy used by cells is chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Here is the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (36 ATPs)

3. Anaerobic Respiration - Everyday Chemical Reactions

In contrast to aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration describes a set of chemical reactions  that allow cells to gain energy from complex molecules without oxygen. Your muscles cells perform anaerobic respiration whenever you exhaust the oxygen being delivered to them, such as during intense or prolonged exercise. Anaerobic respiration by yeast and bacteria is harnessed for fermentation, to produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and other chemicals that make cheese, wine, beer, yogurt, bread, and many other common products.

The overall chemical equation for one form of anaerobic respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + energy

4. Combustion Is a Type of Chemical Reaction

Every time you strike a match, burn a candle, build a fire, or light a grill, you see the combustion reaction. Combustion combines energetic molecules with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

For example, the combustion reaction of propane, found in gas grills and some fireplaces, is:

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 4H₂O + 3CO₂ + energy

5. Rust Is a Common Chemical Reaction

Over time, iron develops a red, flaky coating called rust. This is an example of an oxidation reaction. Other everyday examples include formation of verdigris on copper and tarnishing of silver.

Here is the chemical equation for the rusting of iron:

Fe + O₂ + H₂O → Fe₂O₃. XH₂O

6. Mixing Chemicals Causes Chemical Reactions

If you combine vinegar and baking soda for a chemical volcano or milk with baking powder in a recipe you experience a double displacement or metathesis reaction (plus some others). The ingredients recombine to produce carbon dioxida gas and water. The carbon dioxide forms bubbles in the volcano and helps baked goods rise.

These reactions seem simple in practice but often consist of multiple steps. Here is the overall chemical equation  for the reaction between baking soda and vinegar:

HC₂H₃O₂(aq) + NaHCO₃(aq)  → NaC₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O() + CO₂(g

7. Batteries Are Examples of Electrochemistry

Batteries use elektrochemical or redox reactions to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Spontaneous redox reactions occur in galvanic cells, while nonspontaneous chemical reaction  take place in electrolytic cells

8. Digestion- Everyday Chemical Reactions

Thousands of chemical reaction take place during digestion. As soon as you put food in your mouth, an enzyme in your saliva called amylase starts to break down sugars and other carbohydrates into simpler forms your body can absorb. Hydrochloric acid in your stomach reacts with food to break it down, while enzymes cleave proteins and fats so they can be absorbed into your bloodstream through the walls of the intestines.

9. Acid-Base Reactions- Everyday Chemical Reaction

Whenever you combine an acid (e.g.vinegar, lemon juice,sulfuric acid, muriatic acid) with a base (e.g.,baking soda, soap, ammonia, acetone), you are performing an acid-base reaction. These reactions neutralize the acid and base to yield salt and water.

Sodium chloride is not the only salt that may be formed. For example, here is the chemical equation for an acid-base reaction that produces potassium chloride, a common table salt substitute:

HCl + KOH → KCl + H₂O